|
|
|
|
|
|
WCDMA (UMTS)
TDCDMA
CDMA2000
WCDMA (DoCoMo)
TD-SCDMA
|
|
Mobiles
Bluetooth
HomeRF/SWAP
WAP
GPRS, HSCSD
EDGE
CAMEL, IN
|
|
CAMEL
One of the biggest enhancements in GSM phase 2+ is the mobile network integration with intelligent network (IN). Customised Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) is a GSM 2+ feature that makes world wide support of Operator Specific Services (OSS) possible. CAMEL is not a service, but a feature to create services. ETSI SMG1 group has worked since 1994 to create the specifications for CAMEL and its development towards UMTS Virtual Home Environment (VHE). CAMEL Phase 1 specification was released 1996 and phase 2 in 1997. Current specification level is phase 3 (GSM 09.78) .
CAMEL phase 1 support call screening and supervision services, number translation services, enhanced call forwarding (time and location dependent) and fraud information gathering services (FIGS) and it is implemented to support both mobile originated and terminated calls. CAMEL phase 1 is limited to basic call services and the trigger points are answer and disconnect, and the services include optimal routing of the call. Phase 2 supports private numbering plan (SPNP), Prepaid Card Service with Advice of Charge, Free phone and Universal number. Phase 2 includes more trigger points and usage of several CAMEL Service Environments (CSE), which makes it possible for subscriber to receive message on his own language even when roaming abroad. Phase 3 has additional features that allow roaming subscribers to access their full portfolio of IN services. CAMEL phase 3 connects the home and visited mobile networks to various Intelligent Network (IN) platforms used throughout national networks to provide features such as pre-paid roaming services, special numbers (e.g. 123 for voice mail works everywhere) and closed user groups (office extension numbers work everywhere) personal numbering and more complex location dependent services. As a result, CAMEL is a relatively inexpensive method of allowing telecom operators to add new services to the existing network infrastructure.
|
|
